那麼Chancellor of Exchequer(國庫長官)這個職位相當於什麼呢?簡單的說,就是權利僅次於首相,也是四個最主要的內閣職位(其他兩個分別是小胖的外事大臣和Rudd的內政大臣)。他和梅姨的關係,可以理解成宰相和皇帝的關係吧~那麼老大要保證朝廷風向一致,自然要挑和她一條心的宰相。
燃鵝這周的新聞表示,這個二把手明顯是要和梅姨擰。
首先是硬脫歐。在梅姨大張旗鼓的宣稱英國會越脫越強盛的時候,他表示:還是悠著點比較好
畢竟最後經濟下行,黑鍋是由管錢的來背啊
然後學生問題上,終於來了個有實力的幫咱們說話了…
在答記者問中,Hammond的原話是:
「As we approach the challenge of getting net migration figures down, it is in my view essential that we look at how we do this in a way that protects the vital interests of our economy. It is true that student visas have been abused in the past. The previous home secretary did sterling work tightening up on bogus educational institutions.」
「I cannot conceive of any circumstance in which we would be using those controls to prevent banks, companies moving highly qualified, highly skilled people between different parts of their businesses. That is essential for the smooth operation of our economy.」
Brasil提出的第一點,是BC省府徵收的交易稅,不在省政府的立法權內。根據憲法91(2)條, 只有聯邦政府能就省際和國際的貿易和商務(The Regulation of Trade and Commerce) 進行立法。
與之相對的是第92(2)條規定了省政府能在省內進行直接徵稅(indirect ax) 以為本省創造收入;第92(13)條規定了省政府能就省內財產和民事權利(Property and Civil Rights in the Province)進行立法。那這個交易稅到底已沒有在規制省際或者國際貿易/商務呢?我們來看看兩個案例。
相對應的,Burns Foods v Attorney General Manitoba[1975 SCC],最高法院認定了省法無效。曼尼托巴省立法設立了一個委員會對豬肉進行管理,此法要求所有在曼省內宰殺的豬肉都必須從委員會出購買。Burns Foods這個公司在薩斯卡通省採購活豬,運到曼省,宰殺,再售賣。委員會命令這個公司停止其為。Burns Foods不服,認為他們在進行省際貿易,省政府無權立法干預。最高法院對曼省立法進行解讀後,同意了Burns Foods的主張,認為省法確實旨在干預省際貿易,以對本地豬肉生產商進行保護,省法無效。
Constitution Act 1982, 即Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms,15條規定「Every individual is equal before and under the law and has the right to the equalprotection and equal benefit of the law without discrimination and, inparticular, without discrimination based on race, national or ethnic origin,colour, religion, sex, age or mental or physical disability.」
加拿大憲章對於權利的保護並不是絕對的,第一條說了:「The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantees the rights and freedoms set out in it subject only to such reasonable limits prescribed by law as can be demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society.」